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People's Mujahedin of Iran - Wikipedia. Armed wing of MKONational Liberation Army of Iran (NLA)[1. Participant in Black September, Iranian Revolution, Iran hostage crisis, Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution, Iran–Iraq War, 1. Iraq, 2. 00. 3 invasion of Iraq, 2. Camp Ashraf raid, 2. Camp Ashraf attack, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict. NLA flag used since 1.

Active. 19. 71–1. Since 2. 0 June 1. NLA[1. 4]Leaders.

Maryam Rajavi, deputy commander- in- chief[1. Mousa Khiabani, Commander (1. KIA)[1. 6]Ali Zarkesh, Commander (1. KIA)[1. 6]Ebrahim Zakeri, Head of 'Security and Counter- Terrorism' (1. Area of operations. Iran and Iraq[1. 8]Size. Brigade (at peak)[1.

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Allies. Opponents. Battles and wars.

Operation Forty Stars. Operation Eternal Light. The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran or the Mojahedin- e Khalq (Persian: سازمان مجاهدين خلق ايران‎, translit. Sāzmān- e mojāhedin- e khalq- e irān‎, abbreviated MEK, PMOI or MKO) is an Iranian political–militant organization[5] in exile that advocates the violent overthrow of the current regime in Iran, while claiming itself as the replacing government in exile.[2.

The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran or the Mojahedin-e Khalq (Persian: سازمان مجاهدين خلق ايران ‎, translit. Sāzmān-e mojāhedin-e. Cast/credits plus additional information about the film.

According to a 2. Brookings Institution, the organization appears to be undemocratic and lacking popularity but maintains an operational presence in Iran, acting as a proxy against Tehran.[2. Some analysts state it still remains unpopular among Iranians.[3. It is designated as a terrorist organization by Iran and Iraq, and was considered a terrorist organization by the United Kingdom and the European Union until 2.

Canada and the United States until 2. Various scholarly works, media outlets, and the governments of the United States and France have described it as a cult.[b] The organization has built a cult of personality around its leaders Massoud and Maryam Rajavi.[3. It was founded on 5 September 1. Muslim students who were affiliated with the Freedom Movement of Iran; [4] however in a coup- style ideological transformation, leftist members hijacked the Muslim group and adopted a Marxist platform in 1.

The organization engaged in armed conflict with the Pahlavi dynasty in the 1. Shah in 1. 97. 9.

They hailed "His Highness Ayatollah Khomeini as a glorious fighter (Mojahed)" and urged all to remain united behind him against plots by royalists and imperialists.[1. Following the revolution, they participated in March 1.

Iran hostage crisis, but boycotted the Islamic Republic constitutional referendum in December 1. Iranian presidential election in January 1. Furthermore, despite the fact that the organization's top candidate received as much as 5. Tehran electoral district and had a few candidates in the run- offs, it was unable to win a single seat in the 1. Iranian legislative election.

Allied with President. Abolhassan Banisadr, the group clashed with the ruling Islamic Republican Party while avoiding direct and open criticism of Khomeini until June 1. Government of Islamic Republic of Iran and initiated a number of bombings and assassinations targeting the clerical leadership.[6]The organization gained a new life in exile, founding the National Council of Resistance of Iran and continuing to conduct violent attacks in Iran. In 1. 98. 3, they sided with Saddam Hussein against the Iranian Armed Forces in the Iran–Iraq War, a decision that was viewed as treason by the vast majority of Iranians and which destroyed the MEK's appeal in its homeland.[4.

In 1. 98. 8, a fatwa by Khomeini led to the executions of political prisoners, including MEK members.[4. The group says it renounced violence in 2. However, the MEK has been accused by numerous commentators of being financed, trained, and armed by Israel to assassinate Iranian nuclear scientists and educators.[4. While the MEK's leadership has resided in Paris, the group's core members were for many years confined to Camp Ashraf in Iraq, particularly after the MEK and U. S. forces signed a cease- fire agreement of "mutual understanding and coordination" in 2. The group was later relocated to former U. S. military base Camp Liberty in Iraq[4.

Albania.[4. 6]In 2. MEK revealed the existence of Iran’s nuclear program. They have since made various claims about the programme, not all of which have been accurate.[4. Watch Smiley Face HDQ.

Other names. The group had no name until February 1. The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran is known by a variety of names including: Mojahedin- e- Khalq Organization (MEK)The National Liberation Army of Iran (the group's armed wing)National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) – the MEK is the founding member of a coalition of organizations called the NCRI.[5. The organization has the appearance of a broad- based coalition; however, many analysts consider NCRI and MEK to be synonymous[1.

NCRI as only "nominally independent" political wing of MEK.[5. Monafiqeen (Persian: منافقین‎‎) – the Iranian government consistently refers to the People's Mujahedin with this derogatory name, meaning "the hypocrites".[5. Note: The acronym MEK is used throughout this article, as it is commonly used by the media and national governments around the world to refer to the People's Mujahedin. Membership. According to Albert V.

Benliot, most analysts agree that MEK members tend to be "more dedicated and zealous" than those of other organizations.[5. According to George E. Delury, in early 1. Paykar faction capable of attracting 1.

In June 1. 98. 0, at perhaps the height of their popularity, the Mojahedin attracted 1. Tehran.[5. 7] Pierre Razoux estimates MEK's maximum strength from 1. SAM- 7s.[5. 8] Jeffrey S. Dixon and Meredith Reid Sarkees estimate their prewar strength to be about 2,0. Post- 2. 00. 0The MEK was believed to have a 5,0.

Iraq before the 2. In 2. 00. 5, the U. S. think- tank the Council on Foreign Relations stated that the MEK had 1. According to a 2. The New York Times, the MEK was composed of 5,0. Iraq, many of them female.[6.

BMI Research's 2. MEK's armed wing strength 6,0. A 2. 01. 3 article in Foreign Policy claimed that there were some 2,9. Iraq.[6. 4] In 2.

United States Department of Defense estimated global membership of the organization between 5,0. Europe, North America, and Iraq.[5]Asharq Al- Awsat reported that the MEK's 2. Iranian dissidents" in Paris.[6. History. Before the Revolution (1.

Hanifnejad (left) and Badizadegan (right), two of the founders of the organization. Foundation. The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran was founded on 5 September 1. Liberation or Freedom Movement of Iran, students at Tehran University, including Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saied Mohsen and Ali- Asghar Badizadegan. The MEK opposed the rule of Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, considering him corrupt and oppressive, and considered the Liberation Movement too moderate and ineffective. They were committed to the Ali Shariati's approach to Shiism.[6. Although the MEK are often regarded as devotees of Ali Shariati, in fact their pronouncements preceded Shariati's, and they continued to echo each other throughout the late 1. In its first five years, the group primarily engaged in ideological work.

Their thinking aligned with what was a common tendency in Iran at the time – a kind of radical, political Islam based on a Marxist reading of history and politics. The group's main source of inspiration was the Islamic text Nahj al- Balagha (a collection of analyses and aphorisms attributed to Imam Ali). Despite some describing a Marxist influence, the group never used the terms "socialist" or "communist" to describe themselves, and always called themselves Muslims – arguing along with Ali Shariati, that a true Muslim – especially a true Shia Muslim, that is to say a devoted follower of the Imams Ali and Hossein – must also by definition, be a revolutionary. However, they generously adopted elements of Marxism in order to update and modernize their interpretation of radical Islam.[7. The group kept a friendly relationship with the only other major Iranian urban guerrilla group, the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG).